Limonene, a cyclic monoterpene, has a pungent citrusy, bitter odor and flavor. Unsurprisingly, limonene’s highest concentrations are found in citrus fruits. Limonene also occurs naturally in a variety of other trees and herbs including pine, rosemary, mint, fennel, and juniper.
A terpene with a broad range of uses, limonene is commonly used in perfumes, household cleaners, food, and medicines. Limonene’s widespread use is largely due to its very low toxicity.
One of the most studied terpenes, limonene has been established as an antimicrobial, antibacterial,1 antioxidant,2 and anti-inflammatory3 agent, and potentially contains numerous other health benefits. Limonene has been researched for promoting weight loss, aiding digestion, and preventing gastric distress. Limonene has been utilized in remedies for bronchitis, heartburn, and gallstones in traditional medicine for centuries. Limonene also shows promising benefits for anxiety sufferers.4 Limonene’s most groundbreaking research shows it to be an effective treatment for cancer.5
Limonene, like myrcene, is one of the most abundant terpenes found in cannabis. Some of the many strains containing limonene include Cookies and Cream, Dirty Girl, Lemon G, Liberty Haze, Emerald Jack, and Shining Silver Haze.
Limonene has been studied at length for its therapeutic effects. One of a wide variety of aromatic compounds with potential benefits for medicine and pharmaceuticals, it has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can even counter neurotoxicity.
In addition, limonene has antibacterial properties and antimicrobial effects, making it useful as an agent in treatment of wounds or illness caused by either. It can damage cell membranes, leading eventually to the death or apoptosis of infected cells, suggesting anticancer properties. It also has antiplasmodial properties, effective against parasites such as Leishmania.
Lab Effects is a trusted source for all categories of terpenes (CDTs, BDTs, flavors, therapeutics, water-soluble, flowable powders, etc.) and is available in every format suitable for various manufacturing processes. Limonene has shown much therapeutic potential for medical applications in experimental studies. Isolated terpenes purchased from Lab Effects are guaranteed pure, 100% botanically derived, and free from chemical adulterants such as synthetic flavorants, industrial odorizers, solvents, pesticides, and metals.
Limonene has displayed strong soothing effects in studies of anxiety in lab mice. Its anxiety effects work on GABA receptors, the same ones cannabis compounds act ion. Limonene is a prevalent terpene found in cannabis plants along with other terpenes known to be natural mood-boosters, and certain limonene-heavy strains are sought out when the user desires to take the edge off THC-induced anxiety.
Like many anxiolytic cannabis terpenes, limonene can both make you sleepy and increase the duration of your sleep. Limonene-dominant cannabis strains are more likely to induce relaxation and sleepiness. Some users report this is more likely to be the case with an indica-dominant strain that is rich in limonene.
Limonene has been shows to reduce depressive behavior and provide an elevated mood. This makes it a good candidate for creating treatments for various mood disorders. The properties of limonene, including anti-anxiety effects and anti-depressant effects, work together to modulate the effects of serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain, as shown in studies of mice.
One study of ADHD patients (all otherwise healthy adults) who used cannabis seemed to show a positive result: users self-reported a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms. This could possibly lead to breakthroughs and innovation on health care for ADHD patients.
As previously noted, limonene-dominant strains are preferred by users seeking to minimize feelings of anxiety, one of the hallmarks of ADHD. Additionally, limonene is known for its antidepressant effects (including effects on serotonin levels) and anti-anxiety-inducing effects.